Quick look at ACCA F8 Audit and Assurance.
Agency theory: secondary agent (auditor) delivers the aussurance to principal (shareholders) that the report (FSs) provided by primary agent (director) shows T&F view.
Objective of EA is assurance, purpose of EA is delivery confidence of FSs to shareholders.
Reasonable assurance is a high degree of confidence, but NO guarantees!
5 elements of assurance engagement:
(1) 3 parties relationships:
(3) criteria (standards)
(4) audit procedures to form opinion
(5) audit report
Positive assurance - high level, but not absolute, a lot of testings to form opinion, FSs show T&F view
Negative assurance - medium level, a smaller amount of testings to form opinion, we have no evidences that CF forecast does not provide T&F view.
Statutory audit is an audit of annual FSs.
Auditor & AC - matters to discuss:
Rules of CG:
Underlying concepts of CG:
HAIR DRIFT
Assurance
Audit is the process, assurance is the product.Agency theory: secondary agent (auditor) delivers the aussurance to principal (shareholders) that the report (FSs) provided by primary agent (director) shows T&F view.
Objective of EA is assurance, purpose of EA is delivery confidence of FSs to shareholders.
Reasonable assurance is a high degree of confidence, but NO guarantees!
5 elements of assurance engagement:
(1) 3 parties relationships:
- practitioner (auditor)
- responsible party (director)
- intended users (shareholders)
(3) criteria (standards)
(4) audit procedures to form opinion
(5) audit report
Positive assurance - high level, but not absolute, a lot of testings to form opinion, FSs show T&F view
Negative assurance - medium level, a smaller amount of testings to form opinion, we have no evidences that CF forecast does not provide T&F view.
Statutory audit is an audit of annual FSs.
Auditor & AC - matters to discuss:
- scope & timing of audit
- significant findings during audit
- independence issues
- modification of audit report (opinion)
- man-t representation requested
- fraud cases
Rules of CG:
- global - OCDE Code
- national - The US - SOX, The UK - The UK CG Code
- other - Stock Echange Rules
Underlying concepts of CG:
HAIR DRIFT